Dark Spots and Hyperpigmentation: causes and treatments

Hyperpigmentation is a common skin concern, particularly significant in regions where a radiant complexion is associated with beauty and health. This article delves deeply into the causes of dark spots, the use of gentle brightening agents, and dermocosmetic innovations that achieve an even skin tone while respecting skin integrity.

What is hyperpigmentation?

Hyperpigmentation is a condition where certain areas of the skin produce excess melanin, the pigment responsible for the colour of the skin, hair, and eyes. This imbalance leads to the appearance of darker patches, either localised or diffuse.

Common forms of hyperpigmentation

Melasma: Often linked to hormonal fluctuations (pregnancy, contraceptives) and exacerbated by sun exposure.
Age Spots (Solar Lentigines): Caused by prolonged exposure to UV rays.
Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH): A result of inflammation from acne, injuries, or aggressive treatments.

These conditions are often intensified in regions with intense sunlight, such as Southeast Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, or tropical areas.

Main causes of hyperpigmentation

UV Radiation: UV rays stimulate melanin production to protect the skin. Repeated exposure results in uneven pigment accumulation.
Hormonal Factors: Hormonal imbalances, particularly during pregnancy or due to oral contraceptives, can lead to melasma.
Inflammation: Chronic irritations or skin injuries, such as acne or eczema, trigger excessive pigmentary responses.
Pollution: Recent studies reveal that urban pollution, particularly fine particles (PM2.5, airborne microparticles from industrial and combustion activities), worsens hyperpigmentation by increasing oxidative stress on the skin.

How to gently lighten dark spots

Skin brightening requires a gentle, scientific, and respectful approach, particularly in regions where melanin plays a vital role in photoprotection.

Key pillars of effective treatment

Protecting the Skin: Essential Sunscreen: a broad-spectrum sunscreen (UVA/UVB) is the first line of defence. It prevents the worsening of existing spots and protects against new ones.

Recommendation: Use a minimum SPF of 30, ideally with mineral filters such as zinc oxide or titanium dioxide. These filters are especially suitable for sensitive skin as they do not penetrate the skin barrier. Reapply every two hours for optimal protection.

Gentle brightening agents: several active ingredients have proven effective in regulating melanin production without irritating the skin:

Kojic Acid: Extracted from fungi, it inhibits tyrosinase, a key enzyme in melanin synthesis. However, it may cause mild irritation in sensitive skin.
Arbutin: A natural derivative of hydroquinone but milder, it helps to even out the complexion. It is also more stable and better tolerated than hydroquinone.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3): Reduces the appearance of spots by limiting melanin transfer to surface cells. Effective within four weeks of regular use.
Vitamin C: A powerful antioxidant that brightens the complexion and neutralises free radicals. Formulations should be stable (acidic pH and oxidation protection) to ensure efficacy.
Plant Extracts (Liquorice, Mulberry): Natural sources of flavonoids such as glabridin, these extracts brighten while soothing the skin.

Cutting-edge brightening innovations

At Laboratoire Orescience, advanced technologies are integrated to maximise the efficacy of skincare while minimising irritation risks.

Active ingredient encapsulation: this technology protects depigmenting agents (e.g., Vitamin C or Arbutin) from oxidation and ensures gradual release, reducing irritation.
Bioactive Complexes: Synergistic blends of natural extracts and active ingredients, such as SymWhite® 377 (Phenylethyl Resorcinol), for targeted action on melanin production and inflammation.

A holistic approach for lasting results

To optimise results, a complete and consistent skincare routine is essential:

Gentle Cleansing: Avoid harsh cleansers that compromise the skin barrier.
Preparation: Apply a brightening serum after cleansing.
Hydration and Protection: Follow with a suitable moisturiser and daily sunscreen.

Managing expectations

Lightening dark spots is a process requiring patience and consistency. Certain conditions, such as melasma, may never completely fade, but significant improvement can be achieved with a well-followed routine and suitable care.

Hyperpigmentation, though common, can be effectively addressed with gentle and innovative brightening solutions. The products developed by Laboratoire Orescience offer personalised responses to the needs of all skin types, particularly those in Asian and African markets. By combining targeted active ingredients with advanced technologies, we help you achieve an even, radiant complexion while respecting your skin’s integrity.

Experts in cosmetic innovation

The R&D teams at Laboratoire Orescience support you in creating custom and tailored cosmetic formulations. By blending science and nature, we turn your ideas into tangible successes.

👉 Laboratoire Orescience: At the forefront of trends, serving your vision.